Monday, 15 August 2016

Improve Your Thermal Spray Business by Capturing Re-work Costs Data

If you are in the thermal spray coatings business, then you know the tremendous level of competition that currently exists in the plasma spray industry. With several new thermal spray shops cropping around and the increased emphasis on quality, price and delivery by astute customers, it is imperative that you look for every possible means to improve your competitive edge.
Every step that can improve the bottom line of the thermal spray facility that you are involved in, regardless of what capacity you fit into, be it a business owner, shop foreman, chief engineer, quality manager or production controller can go a long way in getting one step ahead of the competition. This article addresses one such small aspect that is oftentimes overlooked by thermal spray shops both big and small.
That aspect is to do with re-work costs. Being a fairly complicated process with lots of variables and lots of processing steps involved, sometimes errors in processing can occur in the normal course of events. Some of these errors can be linked to operator error and some are not associated with operator error.
Regardless of what the source of the error is, these can result in re-work of the hardware at best and scrapped hardware at worst. If the hardware can be re-worked, then the costs associated with such a re-work must be captured for later analysis. While many thermal spray companies do not even attempt to quantify their re-work costs, out of the ones that do quantify their re-work costs, very few do anything whatsoever with this data as valuable as it is.
Re-work costs data provide valuable information that can improve the bottom line of your operation. For example, if the data is further broken down into source of error, then it can point to ways and means of reducing the re-work. If most of the re-work is the result of operator error, then obviously this points to the need for improved operator training.
 If most of the re-work is the result of equipment malfunction, then this points to the need for improved maintenance procedures. If a major amount of re-work is due to the use of incorrect powder quality then sourcing is the culprit. Thus, identifying the major cost contributors to re-work can lead you to fixing the root cause of the problem.
Additionally, quantifying re-work costs can lead to accurate pricing structures by accounting for these costs during the quotations process. This is important because otherwise the cost of your operation is not clearly reflected in your price quotations to your customers. Thus quantifying and analyzing re-work costs can go a long way in improving the bottom line of your thermal spray coatings facility.

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Monday, 1 August 2016

Troubleshooting CBN Inserts - Definition of Hard Turning

Hard Turning Definition

Hard Turning " as machining hardened steels above 40 HRc, not hard in terms of "difficult". Alloy Steels with a hardness below 40 HRc are not generally machined using CBN inserts because other tool materials work as well or better and cost less. Soft materials often stick to PCBN cutting tools causing "build up" on the cutting edge. This results in poor surface finish and tool life. The geometry of PCBN tools used for machining hardened steel is very blunt with no chip groove geometry to provide swarf control, not ideal for machining soft steels. However, some steels with a high alloy content and 30+ HRc are successfully finish machined with DR-50 because nothing else will do the job. If there is no adhesion, reliable size control and consistent surface finish can more than justify the cost of the tools.

Aluminum Alloy Machining

Aluminium alloys cannot be machined with CBN inserts. PCBN has a trace content of Aluminium nitride. Aluminium builds up on the cutting edge very quickly causing rapid tool wear and poor surface finish.

Cast Iron Machining

Cast iron and Iron based hard facing alloys with a significant ferrite content are not machined with CBN inserts. The soft gooey ferrite sticks to the CBN insert cutting edge causing rapid wear and poor surface finish.

D2 Machining

Interrupted cutting D2 tool steel is very difficult and unpredictable. D2 contains up to 14% Chromium and was designed to be used at 50-56 HRc. If the material is hardened to +60 HRc and not tempered very carefully, Chromium Carbide formation at the grain boundaries makes the material impossible to machine with interrupted cutting.

HSS Machining

Interrupted cutting of High Speed Steel - HSS is temperature resistant and does not soften in the shear zone. Interrupted cutting Nitrided steel is difficult. When continuous cutting, the super-hard surface is machined away by a part of the cutting edge that is not controlling surface finish and size. When interrupted cutting, the entire cutting edge impacts with a superhard surface resulting in poor tool life.

Hard Facing Alloy Machining

Hard facing alloys - Stellite (Cobalt/Chrome Alloys)and Colmonoy (Nickel/Chrome alloy) with more than 20% Chrome is not practically machined with PCBN - Tool life is too short. Chromium cannot be machined using PCBN. PCBN can be used to remove hard Chromed plated surfaces and expose a hardened steel base material, but it is not possible to machine within the Chrome.

High Temperture Alloy Machining

Machining high temperature alloys - Inconel, Hastalloy, Waspalloy, Titanium, Nimonics etc are not machined with PCBN. Tool life is negligible due to chemical affinity.

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